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1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(3): e156, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288297

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: In Brazil, official data estimate there are 45.6 million people with some type of disability and legislation establishes that medical schools should prepare future professionals for the essential care for people with disabilities (PWD). Health disparities faced by PWD are due, among other factors, to inadequate access to healthcare and poor training of professionals to deal with these situations. Objective: To identify the presence of aspects related to PWD healthcare in the curricula of medical courses in Brazil. Method: A documentary analysis of curricula and syllabuses was performed and included research in websites of 328 medical courses (42% public and 58% private) authorized by the Brazilian Ministry of Education. The Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) were adopted as a theoretical framework (Brazil, 2014). The classification considered was: Class I - minimum attendance of the pedagogical project to the recommendations on care for PWD, due to the strict transcription of the NCG text and Class II - inclusion in the syllabus and programmatic content of the reference curricular components to the development of specifically related clinical skills to the health care of the PWD, including communication, clinical examination skills and ethical aspects. Results: Documents from 171 courses were available for analysis and the inclusion of aspects related to PWD healthcare was identified in 89 courses (52%). This inclusion was more prevalent in public courses (n=56; 62,9%) than in private ones. The inclusion of the teaching of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) was observed In 50 courses (29.2%). The curricular contents were predominantly focused on the Class I (n=80;89,9%) with an absolute lack of description of the procedural strategies to promote the development of clinical competencies related to PWD care. Conclusion: Our study reinforces the need to improve this approach in medical school curricula since providers can play an essential role in mitigating health disparities faced by PWD through competent care. In the Brazilian context, our data point out to a dramatic situation consistent with the invisibility of PWD issues; a need for the development and implementation of PWD-specific educational curricula.


Resumo: Introdução: No Brasil, estima-se que haja 45,6 milhões de pessoas com alguma deficiência. As disparidades de saúde enfrentadas pelas pessoas com deficiência (PCD) decorrem, entre outros fatores, do acesso inadequado aos cuidados de saúde e da formação deficiente dos profissionais para lidar com essas situações. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de aspectos relacionados com a atenção à saúde das PCD nos currículos dos cursos de Medicina do Brasil. Método: Foi realizada análise documental dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, dos currículos, das ementas de componentes curriculares e dos conteúdos programáticos, incluindo pesquisas em sites de 328 cursos de Medicina (42% públicos e 58% privados) autorizados pelo Ministério da Educação. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do Curso de Graduação em Medicina foram adotadas como referencial teórico. A classificação considerada foi: classe I - atendimento mínimo do projeto pedagógico às recomendações sobre o cuidado para PCD, pela estrita transcrição do texto das DCN, e classe II - inclusão nas ementas e nos conteúdos programáticos dos componentes curriculares de atividades voltadas ao desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especificamente relacionadas ao cuidado destinado à saúde das PCD, incluindo comunicação, exame clínico e aspectos éticos. Resultado: Documentos de 171 cursos estavam disponíveis para análise adequada. Desse total, em 89 cursos (52%) foi identificada a inclusão de aspectos relacionados ao cuidado com PCD, sendo mais prevalente nos cursos públicos (n = 56; 62,9%). Em 50 (29,2%) cursos, observou-se a inclusão do ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Os conteúdos curriculares identificados foram predominantemente focados na classe I (n = 80; 89,9%), com absoluta falta de descrição das estratégias processuais para promover o desenvolvimento de competências clínicas relacionadas ao cuidado para PCD. Conclusão: No contexto brasileiro, os dados apontam para uma situação dramática no que se refere à invisibilidade das questões relativas às PCD na formação médica e para a necessidade de desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias educacionais especificamente voltadas para o cuidado com as PCD nos currículos médicos. O estudo reforça o papel essencial do cuidado competente destinado à saúde das PCD como estratégia que visa à mitigação das iniquidades de saúde enfrentadas por essas pessoas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disabled Persons , Curriculum , Delivery of Health Care , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Health Status Disparities
2.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(2): e058, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1180908

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: A educação médica no Brasil vem enfrentando um importante processo de expansão. Essa realidade foi fortemente influenciada por programas e políticas educacionais implementados principalmente nas últimas décadas. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo traçar um panorama da formação e da avaliação dos cursos de graduação em Medicina no contexto nacional. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. O levantamento de dados ocorreu por meio de dados provenientes da Sistemática de Avaliação Nacional da Educação Superior do Ministério da Educação disponibilizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, órgão que coordena e gerencia dados relativos aos processos de regulação, avaliação e supervisão da educação superior no sistema federal de educação. Foram analisados 20 anos de oferta de cursos de Medicina no Brasil (2000-2019). Resultados: No período em estudo, o número de escolas médicas apresentou um crescimento de 214,9%. No total, analisaram-se 337 cursos de graduação em Medicina em atividade vinculados a instituições de ensino superior públicas (35%) e privadas (65%), perfazendo 34.585 vagas anuais ofertadas. Os cursos estão distribuídos nas 27 unidades federativas brasileiras, com maior e menor concentração de vagas e escolas médicas nas Regiões Sudeste e Norte, respectivamente. A média nacional do número de vagas/ano foi de 1.280,9 vagas/ano e da razão vagas/habitantes foi de 16,5 vagas/100 mil habitantes. A maioria dos cursos obteve conceito três nos indicadores de qualidade propostos pelo Ministério da Educação. Conclusão: O ensino da Medicina no Brasil vem passando por importante processo de expansão, e este é fundamentalmente privado e mal distribuído pelo país, e apresenta indicadores de qualidade mínimos para manutenção do seu funcionamento.


Abstract: Introduction: Medical education in Brazil is facing an important expansion process. This reality has been strongly influenced by educational programs and policies implemented mainly in the last few decades. Objective: The study aimed to provide an overview of the formation and evaluation of undergraduate medical courses in the national context. Method: A documentary and descriptive study was conducted, with a quantitative approach. Data was collected from the National Higher Education Assessment System of the Ministry of Education, made available by the Anísio Teixeira National Institute of Educational Studies and Research, the body that coordinates and manages data related to the regulation, evaluation and supervision processes of higher education in the federal education system. Twenty years of medical courses offered in Brazil (2000-2019) were analyzed. Results: In the period under study, the number of Medical Schools grew by 214.9%. In total, 337 active undergraduate medicine courses linked to public (35%) and private (65%) higher education institutions were analyzed, totaling 34,585 annual vacancies offered. The courses are distributed in the 27 Brazilian federative units, with a higher and lower concentration of places and Medical Schools in the Southeast and North regions, respectively. The national average number of vacancies/year was 1280.9 vacancies/year and the vacancy/inhabitants ratio was 16.5 vacancies/100 thousand inhabitants. Most of the courses obtained a grade three in the quality indicators proposed by the Ministry of Education. Conclusion: It was concluded that: i) the teaching of Medicine in Brazil has been going through an important expansion process, ii) that it is fundamentally private, iii) poorly distributed throughout the country, and iv) it presents minimum quality indicators for maintaining its operation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/trends , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Medical/trends , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Educational Measurement , Library Schools/supply & distribution
3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(2): 194-200, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136176

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY BACKGROUND To describe the current distribution and historical evolution of undergraduate courses in medicine in Brasil. METHODS Analytical cross-sectional study of secondary data. Through the Ministry of Education, the data of the medical courses were obtained, and through the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the population and economic data of the Brazilian states were obtained. RESULTS In Brasil, there were 298 medical courses (1,42 courses / million inhabitants) in January 2018, totaling 31,126 vacancies per year, with 9,217 gratuitous vacancies (29.6%) and 17,963 vacancies in the hinterland (57, 7%). In Brazilian states, there are positive and statistically significant (p <0.001) correlations of the variables: "vacancies" and "population" (R 0.92); "vacancies" and "gross domestic product" ("GDP") (R 0.83); "percentage of vacancies in the hinterland" and "population in the hinterland" (R 0.71) and "percentage of vacancies in the hinterland" and "GDP" (R 0.64). There was a negative and statistically significant correlation between "gratuitous vacancy percentage" and "GDP" (R -0.54, p = 0.003). More paid courses than gratuitous courses and more courses in the hinterland than in the capitals have been created since 1964, in proportions that have remained similar since then, but in higher numbers since 2002. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of medical courses in Brasil correlates with the population and economical production of each state. The expansion of Brazilian medical education, which has been accelerated since 2002, is based mainly on paid courses in the hinterland, in the same pattern since 1964.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a distribuição e evolução histórica das vagas em cursos de graduação em medicina no Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal analítico de dados secundários. No Ministério da Educação obtiveram-se dados dos cursos de medicina e no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística foram obtidos dados populacionais e econômicos dos estados. RESULTADOS Havia no Brasil, até janeiro de 2018, 298 cursos de medicina (1,42 curso/milhão de habitantes), totalizando 31.126 vagas anuais, com 9.217 vagas gratuitas (29,6%) e 17.963 vagas no interior do País (57,7%). Nos estados há correlações positivas e significativas (p<0,001) das variáveis: "vagas em medicina" e "população" (R 0,92); "vagas em medicina" e "produto interno bruto" ("PIB") (R 0,83); "percentual de vagas em medicina no interior" e "população no interior" (R 0,71) e "percentual de vagas em medicina no interior" e "PIB" (R 0,64). Há correlação negativa e significativa entre "percentual de vagas gratuitas" e "PIB" (R -0,54, p=0,003). Passaram a ser criados mais cursos pagos do que gratuitos e mais cursos no interior do que nas capitais a partir de 1964 (p <0,001), e a relação curso/milhão de habitantes aumentou a partir de 2002 (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES A distribuição de vagas em cursos de medicina no Brasil correlaciona-se à população e à produção econômica de cada estado. A expansão do ensino médico brasileiro, acelerada além do crescimento populacional a partir de 2002, é baseada principalmente em cursos pagos no interior dos estados brasileiros, característica inalterada desde 1964.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Schools, Medical/history , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/history , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Demography/history , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Geography
4.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(supl.2): e00066018, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011729

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva descrever o panorama de distribuição territorial da oferta de formação em saúde, bem como identificar as estratégias para o fortalecimento da regionalização adotadas pelas instituições de ensino que ofertam cursos de saúde e as mudanças verificadas no entorno regional em função dessas instituições. Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório, do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, desenvolvido em âmbito nacional no período de dezembro de 2015 a setembro de 2016. Foram analisados dados secundários de oferta de formação em saúde e foram entrevistados 68 gestores de ensino de cursos de graduação em saúde, cujos depoimentos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Percebe-se um aumento de equipamentos para formação em saúde em regiões e municípios de menor porte, não obstante a concentração em locais com maior desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Políticas de acesso ao ensino superior de estudantes vêm sendo empreendidas, na perspectiva de promover a provisão e fixação profissional do entorno onde se localizam os cursos da saúde. Constata-se que a presença da universidade promove desenvolvimento regional e tem potencial para o fortalecimento da regionalização da saúde.


Abstract: This article aims to provide an overview of the territorial distribution of health training supply and to identify the strategies for strengthening regionalization adopted by teaching institutions that offer health courses and the changes in the regional surroundings as a function of these institutions. This is a descriptive-exploratory multiple-case study conducted at the national level in Brazil from December 2015 to September 2016. The study analyzed secondary data on health training supply and interviewed 68 administrators of undergraduate health courses, whose commentary was submitted to content analysis. There was an increase in health training institutions in smaller regions and municipalities (counties), although such institutions were still concentrated mainly in more socioeconomically developed regions. Policies have been implemented for access and enrollment in higher education from the perspective of promoting provision and professional retention in the region where the health course is located. The university's presence promotes regional development and has the potential to strengthen health regionalization.


Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es describir el panorama de la distribución territorial, en cuanto a la oferta de formación en salud, e identificar estrategias para el fortalecimiento de la regionalización, adoptadas por las instituciones de enseñanza que ofrecen cursos de salud, además de analizar los cambios verificados en el entorno regional, en función de estas instituciones. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, de casos múltiples, desarrollado en el ámbito nacional de Brasil durante el período de diciembre de 2015 a septiembre de 2016. Se analizaron datos secundarios de oferta de formación en salud, y se entrevistaron a 68 gestores de enseñanza de cursos de grado en salud, cuyas declaraciones fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido. Se percibe un aumento de equipamientos para la formación en salud en regiones y municipios de menor porte, pese a la concentración en lugares con mayor desarrollo socioeconómico. Se están emprendiendo políticas de acceso e ingreso en la enseñanza superior de estudiantes, desde la perspectiva de promover la provisión y emplazamiento del profesional en el entorno donde se localizan los cursos de salud. Se constata que la presencia de la universidad promueve el desarrollo regional y tiene potencial para el fortalecimiento de la regionalización de la salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Regional Health Planning/organization & administration , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/organization & administration , Education, Nursing/organization & administration , Health Workforce/organization & administration , Medical Assistance/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration , Physicians/supply & distribution , Regional Health Planning/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Community Health Centers/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Education, Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Health Workforce/statistics & numerical data , Health Occupations/education , Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Health Policy , Medical Assistance/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(1): 107-113, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-991380

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: VERAS survey multicenter project, carried out in 2011-2012, evaluated the quality of life (QoL) of students from 22 Brazilian medical schools. Aim: To evaluate QoL of undergraduate medical students, taking Veras-q national data as comparison. Material and Methods: We evaluated the QoL of 197 medical students in a Brazilian private medical school at Salvador, Bahia, Brazil in 2014. Students in the first two years were grouped in Phase I; those in years three and four were grouped in Phase II. Those in the internship (fifth and sixth years) were grouped in Phase III. Results: Students from Phase I group had better QoL averages than those from Phase II. Phase I students presented significantly (p < 0.05) better scores in the Psychological and Use of Time domains. Compared to Phase II students, those in Phase III obtained better scores in the Physical and Environmental domains. Female students had significantly lower (p < 0.01) scores than male students in Physical, Psychological and Use of Time domains. Compared to the national sample survey, these students had higher (p < 0.01) scores in all domains, except for the Physical domain in Phase II (p < 0.4352). Conclusions: These students had a better quality of life than those surveyed in the national Veras-q study. Female students had lower scores. Adjusted schedules and lower work overload, as consequences of effective interdisciplinarity in curricular components, may have contributed to higher students' QoL.


Antecedentes: El proyecto multicéntrico VERAS evaluó la calidad de vida de estudiantes de medicina en los años 2011-2012. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de un grupo de estudiantes de medicina y compararla con los datos del proyecto VERAS. Material y Métodos: Se evaluó calidad de vida en 197 estudiantes de medicina de universidades privadas de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil en 2014. Los estudiantes de los dos primeros años fueron agrupados en la fase I, aquellos de tercer y cuarto año en fase II y los del internado en fase III. Resultados: Los estudiantes en fase I tuvieron mejor calidad de vida que aquellos en fase II. Los estudiantes en fase I tuvieron mejores puntajes en los dominios psicológico y uso del tiempo. Los estudiantes en fase III tuvieron mejores puntajes en los dominios físico y ambiental que los estudiantes en fase II. Las mujeres obtuvieron menores puntajes en los dominios físico, psicológico y uso del tiempo, que los hombres. Al comparar con el estudio nacional, estos estudiantes tuvieron mejores puntajes en todos los dominios, excepto el físico en estudiantes en fase II. Conclusiones: Estos estudiantes tuvieron mejor calidad de vida que sus pares estudiados previamente. Las mujeres tuvieron puntajes más bajos que los hombres. Una menor carga de trabajo, como consecuencia de un currículo multidisciplinario, puede haber influido en esta mejor calidad de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Quality of Life/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Students, Medical , Brazil , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(11): 1294-1303, nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985703

ABSTRACT

Background: The high academic burden may hamper the quality of life of medical students. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for medical students attending a Chilean university. Material and Methods: Four hundred eleven medical students aged 22 ± 2 years (51% women), studying in Santiago, Chile, answered online a validated Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life survey (scored from 0 to 100). Overall scores were assessed for the questionnaire domains Physical health, Psychological health, Interpersonal relationships, and Environment. Results: The global scores were 65.1 for Physical health, 63.1 for Psychological health, 61.3 for Interpersonal relationships and 67.2 for Environment. Students in clinical practice, females, those with sedentary behaviors and consuming modafinil had lower Physical health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, with sedentary behaviors and who consumed modafinil had poorer Psychological health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, males and those with sedentary behaviors had Lower Interpersonal relationship scores. Environment scores were also lower among students who were sedentary or from outside Santiago. Conclusions: The variables that had a greater negative impact in the quality of life of these students were the transition from theoretical courses to clinical practice, being from outside Santiago, being overweight or obese and consuming modafinil. Students that were physically active had better quality of life scores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Quality of Life , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Personal Satisfaction , Reference Values , Students, Medical/psychology , Body Mass Index , Chile , Health Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Modafinil/therapeutic use , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Interpersonal Relations
7.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(5): 414-420, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979378

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Different approaches to learning can exert considerable influence on the teaching-learning process in medical education. This study aimed to investigate the association of surface and deep learning with study patterns, preferred type of assessment, practices of cheating and quality of sleep among medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on medical students enrolled in all six years of a medical school in Juiz de Fora, Brazil. METHODS: Questionnaires were applied to evaluate learning approaches (R-SPQ-2F), study patterns, sources and choices, and quality of sleep. Students' learning approaches (deep or surface) were assessed in relation to their study patterns, study resources, quality of sleep and whether they cheated in tests. RESULTS: Among the 710 students included, 43% frequently studied on the night before an exam, 65% had used psychostimulants to study and more than 46% had cheated in an exam. Regarding quality of sleep, most students (53.4%) reported that their quality of sleep was poor, such that 45.3% slept for fewer than five hours before an exam. Those who studied just prior to an exam, used class summaries, preferred multiple-choice questions and cheated during the test had a more surface-learning approach. On the other hand, those who read books, preferred practical exams and slept better had a deeper approach. CONCLUSION: The type of learning approach was associated with study patterns and choices among medical students. Educators need to be attentive to the type of learning their students use and think of measures that impact teaching and assessment methods.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Sleep/physiology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Learning/physiology , Reference Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Teaching Materials , Time Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Self Report , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Deception
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(4): 366-370, Apr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842551

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: Among all countries, Brazil is expected to have the sixth largest elderly population in 2025. Dementia syndromes are prominent among aging-related diseases. Despite the necessity of and curriculum for training in geriatric medicine to make recommendations on an approach to this theme, adequate training appears to be infrequent. The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge about dementia and students' attitude towards it during the last semester of the medical course in two of the most important Brazilian medical schools. Method: In our study, a sample of 189 students was invited to complete questionnaires comprising demographic and professional topics, knowledge with respect to cognitive alterations in the elderly and attitudes in dealing with an elderly patient with dementia. Results: A total of 155 students accepted to participate in the study; 92(59.7%) considered that they had good training in cognitive alterations during their undergraduate medical course, while 67 (58.8%) of them declared having had only theoretical training. Regarding knowledge, the students obtained a mean of 6.9, out of a scale from 0 to 14 points. As for attitudes, the students agreed that they can contribute to the life quality of the patient and of the caregiver, and that it is useful to provide the diagnosis to the family. Conclusion: The findings of this study are relevant for overturn the educational barriers of physicians in relation to the care of patients with dementia.


Resumo Objetivo: Em 2025, o Brasil terá a sexta maior população de idosos do mundo. Destacam-se, dentre as doenças relacionadas com o envelhecimento, as síndromes demenciais. Apesar da necessidade de o currículo para a formação médica conter tópicos em geriatria, isso parece ocorrer com pouca frequência. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar conhecimento e atitudes em relação à demência de alunos do último semestre do curso médico em duas das mais importantes escolas médicas brasileiras. Método: Neste estudo, 189 alunos foram convidados a responder questionários que compreendem temas demográficos e profissionais, conhecimento sobre alterações cognitivas em idosos e atitudes frente a um paciente idoso com demência. Resultados: Um total de 155 estudantes aceitou participar do estudo; 92 (59,7%) relataram ter obtido uma boa formação em alterações cognitivas durante o curso de graduação em medicina, e, entre estes, 67 (58,8%) relataram ter tido apenas uma base teórica. Quanto ao conhecimento, os alunos obtiveram uma média de 6,9, considerando uma escala de pontuação de 0 a 14 pontos. Considerando as atitudes, os estudantes concordaram que eles podem contribuir para a qualidade de vida do paciente e de cuidadores, e que é útil dar o diagnóstico para a família. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo são relevantes para discutir as barreiras educacionais dos médicos em relação ao tratamento de pacientes com demência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Dementia , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Clinical Competence , Curriculum
9.
Campinas; s.n; 2017. 150 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912842

ABSTRACT

Resumo: As discussões sobre uma formação mais ampla foram estimuladas pela Lei de Diretrizes e Base (LDB) e têm sido ampliadas nas Escolas Médicas, particularmente, com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as percepções acadêmicas de discentes e responsáveis pelo ensino (RE) sobre o ensino na graduação em medicina) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), com ênfase na educação geral. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com análises quantitativas e qualitativas, com uma amostra intencional de duas Escolas Médicas. Para o estudo quantitativo os estudantes foram agrupados em Básico (primeiro e segundo anos), Pré-Clínico (terceiro e quarto anos) e Clínico (internato) e responderam a um questionário (online ou impresso) sobre a estruturação do currículo. O estudo qualitativo com os discentes foi realizado a partir de duas questões para respostas abertas. Nas entrevistas com os RE (docentes, assessores pedagógicos e coordenadores de curso) e nas questões abertas dos discentes foram utilizadas análises de conteúdo, com categorias apriorísticas e emergentesdas falas.Resultados: As respostas foram tabuladas e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva e, na fase do estudo qualitativo, foram identificadas as unidades de significado com a definição das categorias, "Docentes e Infraestrutura", "Ensino", "Formação Cultural e Geral", "Formação Profissional", "Formas de Avaliação" e "Metodologia". As mesmas categorias foram observadas nas entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com os RE que participaram. A estrutura curricular do curso é conhecida nas duas Escolas. Quanto à LDB e DCN, os alunos da UFBA as conhecem mais do que os da Unicamp. O grau de satisfação dos alunos apresenta variação entre formação profissional e formação cultural. Satisfação no campo profissional para alunos dos três períodos da Unicamp e para o Básico e Pré-Clínico da UFBA, enquanto nas duas predomina insatisfação no âmbito cultural, fato ainda mais observado no período Clínico. Para a maioria dos alunos da UFBA, a missão da Instituição é fornecer conhecimentos úteis à sociedade e desenvolver as habilidades intelectuais, enquanto que para os da Unicamp é formar novas gerações de pesquisadores e fazer avançar o conhecimento. A categoria mais mencionada foi "Ensino" com "compreensão da medicina como um todo" e "formação humanística do aluno". Para os RE, na categoria "Ensino", algumas das falas retratam a formação tecnicamente capacitada, com boa formação humanística e científica. Será apresentado relatório técnico dos resultados para as duas Escolas. Conclusões: Para discentes e docentes, a formação geral é essencial para que o futuro médico possa ser um profissional cidadão. Apesar da tradição das metodologias e das avaliações, todos os atores envolvidos no processo de ensino aprendizagem deste estudo reconhecem a relevância da formação humanística e da presença da interdisciplinaridade no curso médico das suas Instituições. Parte dos resultados pode ser extrapolada para outras Escolas Médicas(AU)


Abstract: Discussions on a broader education entourage by the Guidelines and Basic Law (GBL) and they have been expanded in the Medical Schools, particularly with the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG). The objective of this study was to analyze the academic perceptions of students and responsible for the teaching (RT) in medical graduation of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) and for the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), with emphasis on general education. Methods: This is a descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative analyzes, with an intentional sample of two Medical Schools. For the quantitative study the students were grouped in Basic (first and second years), Pre-Clinical (third and fourth years) and Clinic (fifth and sixth years) and answered a questionnaire (online or printed) on curriculum structuring. The qualitative study with the students was carried out from two questions for open answers, In the interviews with the RT (teachers, pedagogical advisors and course coordinators) and open questions of the students were used content analyzes, with categories a priori and emerging from the speeches. Results: The responses were tabulated and analyzed through descriptive statistics and, in the qualitative study phase, the meaning units were identified with the definition of the categories, "Teachers and Infrastructure", "Teaching", "Cultural and General Formation", "Professional Training", "Evaluation Forms" and "Methodology". The same categories were founded in the semistructured interviews with those RT that participated. The curricular structure of the course is known in both schools. As for GBL and NCG, UFBA students know them better than those at Unicamp. The degree of student satisfaction varies between professional training and cultural training. Satisfaction in the professional field for students of the three periods of the State Univeristy of Campinas, and for the Basic and Preclinical of the UFBA, while in both schools there is a predominance of cultural dissatisfaction, a fact still more observed in the Clinical period. For most students from UFBA, the institution's mission is to provide useful knowledge to society and to develop intellectual skills, while for the UNICAMP students it is to train new generations of researchers and advance knowledge. The negative and positive characteristics presented by the students were analyzed qualitatively and their quantification was only illustrative. The most mentioned category was "Teaching" and, among the students' speeches, there is "an understanding of medicine as a whole" and "humanistic formation of the student". For those in charge of teaching, in the category "Teaching", some of the statements portray the training technically qualified, with good humanistic and scientific training. A technical report will be presented of the results for the two Schools. Conclusions: For students and teachers, general education is essential so that the future doctor can be a professional citizen. Despite the tradition of methodologies and evaluations, all the actors involved in the learning process of this study recognize the relevance of humanistic training and the presence of interdisciplinarity in the medical course of their Institutions. Part of the results can be extrapolated to other Medical Schools(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Medical , Universities , Institutional Analysis , Curriculum , Education , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Faculty, Medical , Internship and Residency , Schools, Medical , Students, Medical
10.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(7): 652-658, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829518

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: In recent decades, there has been a reduction in the number of graduates from medical schools who choose to pursue a career in scientific research. That has an impact on the profile of graduates, since medical education depends on understanding the formation of scientific evidence. The construction of new knowledge is also hampered by the reduction of medical scientists, whose clinical experience with patients provides an essential step towards medical Science evolution. Objective: The present cross-sectional study sought to identify the interest in research among medical students from a federal university in southern Brazil. Method: Medical students from a federal university were asked to respond to a self-administered questionnaire that sought to identify the level of knowledge about the importance of scientific research in medical training, and the interest of this population in this element of their training. Results: 278 medical students from the first to the sixth year responded to the questionnaire, and 81.7% stated their interest in medical research. However, only 4.7% of respondents considered research as first in degree of importance to their medical training. The variable "interest in research" showed no statistically significant association with age, gender, presence of physicians in the family, or other prior college courses. Conclusion: Although interest in research is clearly present among the students, this is still an underexplored element among the population studied. The incorporation of research in the learning process depends on stimulus and guidance until it becomes culturally consolidated as an essential element of the medical training.


Resumo Introdução: nas últimas décadas, diminuiu o número de egressos de escolas médicas que optam por se dedicar à pesquisa científica. Isso tem impacto sobre o perfil dos profissionais formados, já que o aprendizado médico é indissociável da compreensão da formação da evidência científica. A formação de novo conhecimento é prejudicada com a redução de pesquisadores médicos, cujo contato clínico com os pacientes fornece etapa essencial na evolução da ciência médica. Objetivo: o presente estudo transversal buscou identificar o interesse em pesquisa entre estudantes de medicina de uma universidade federal do Sul do Brasil. Método: estudantes de medicina de uma universidade federal foram convidados a responder um questionário autoaplicável que buscou identificar o nível de conhecimento sobre a importância da pesquisa científica na formação do médico, bem como o interesse dessa população por esse elemento da formação. Resultados: 278 estudantes de todas as séries do curso de medicina responderam ao questionário, e 81,7% declararam interesse pela pesquisa científica. Contudo, apenas 4,7% dos entrevistados consideraram a pesquisa em primeiro lugar em grau de importância para a sua formação. A variável "interesse em pesquisa" não apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com idade, gênero, presença de médicos na família ou outro curso superior prévio. Conclusão: embora o interesse em pesquisa esteja claramente presente entre os estudantes, este é um elemento da formação ainda pouco explorado pela população estudada. A incorporação da pesquisa na rotina do aprendizado depende de estímulo e orientação até que esteja culturalmente consolidada como matriz essencial da formação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Brazil , Career Choice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Biomedical Research/education
13.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(1): 7-13, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745873

ABSTRACT

Objective To analyze the Educational Project of the undergraduate medical course to verify what is taught regarding Patient Safety and to enable reflections on the educational practice. Methods A descriptive study, using document research as strategy. The document of investigation was the Educational Project of the medical course, in 2006, at the Escola Paulista de Medicina of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo. The theoretical framework adopted was the Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide of the World Health Organization, which led to the preparation of a list with 153 tracking terms. Results We identified 65 syllabus units in the Educational Project of the course, in which 40 (61.5%) addressed topics related to Patient Safety. Themes on the topic “Infection prevention and control” were found in 19 (47.5%) units and teaching of “Interaction with patients and caregivers” in 12 (32.5%); however content related to “Learning from errors to prevent harm” were not found. None of the framework topics had their proposed themes entirely taught during the period of education of the future physicians. Conclusion Patient safety is taught in a fragmented manner, which values clinical skills such as the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, post-treatment, surgical procedures, and follow-up. Since it is a recent movement, the teaching of patient safety confronts informative proposals based on traditional structures centered on subjects and on specific education, and it is still poorly valued. .


Objetivo Analisar o Projeto Pedagógico do curso de graduação em Medicina para verificar o que se ensina sobre segurança do paciente e propiciar reflexões sobre a prática educacional. Métodos Estudo descritivo, utilizando-se como estratégia a pesquisa documental. O documento de investigação foi o Projeto Pedagógico do curso de Medicina (ano base 2006), da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. O referencial teórico adotado foi o Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide da Organização Mundial da Saúde, elaborando-se uma lista de 153 termos rastreadores. Resultados Foram identificadas 65 unidades curriculares no Projeto Pedagógico do curso, dentre as quais 40 (61,5%) lidavam com assuntos relacionados à segurança do paciente. Temas do tópico “Prevenção e controle da infecção” foram encontrados em 19 (47,5%) unidades e o ensino sobre “Interação com paciente e cuidadores” em 12 (32,5%), no entanto, conteúdos relacionados a “Aprendendo com os erros para evitar danos” não foram encontrados em nenhuma. Verificou-se que nenhum dos tópicos do referencial teve os temas propostos ensinados em sua totalidade durante o período de formação do futuro médico. Conclusão O ensino sobre segurança do paciente é ministrado de forma fragmentada valorizando-se as habilidades clínicas como diagnóstico e tratamento da doença, pós-tratamento, procedimentos cirúrgicos e acompanhamento. Por se tratar de um movimento recente, o ensino sobre segurança do paciente se confronta com propostas formativas baseadas em estruturas tradicionais, centradas nas disciplinas e na formação específica, sendo ainda pouco valorizado. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Curriculum/standards , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards , Patient Safety , Schools, Medical/standards , Brazil , Clinical Competence/standards , Curriculum/statistics & numerical data , Educational Measurement , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Students, Medical
15.
In. ALASS Asociación Latina Para El Análisis De Los Sistemas De Salud. Actas do XXV Congreso Asociación Latina Para El Análisis De Los Sistemas De Salud. Granada, ALASS, 2014. , graf, ilus, mapa.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS | ID: biblio-878744

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição da oferta de médicos identificando os possíveis desafios à luz das necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo exploratório de caráter descritivo e abordagem quantitativa. Dados coletados em abril de 2014, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) do Ministério da Educação. RESULTADOS: Resultados apontam que, apesar dos avanços demonstrados, se faz necessário investir em estratégias que visem diminuir os desequilíbrios regionais, tanto para incentivar a abertura de vagas quanto para criar postos de trabalho, observando-se a capacidade instalada e desejada (estudos de dimensionamento). CONCLUSÃO: As políticas de apoio e incentivo à formação em saúde pretendem, de uma maneira geral, superar as desigualdades de oferta, isto é, diminuir as concentrações regionais, e expandir o número de vagas de graduação e residência nas áreas prioritárias do SUS (Ex. Programa Mais Médicos e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de medicina -resolução nº 3, de 20 de junho de 2014 ). É imperativo o fortalecimento da parceria entre o Ministério da Educação e o Ministério da Saúde, desde a formação inicial até os processos de educação permanente. Assim, o planejamento da oferta da educação superior e a distribuição de vagas de modo a não produzir escassez ou ociosidade são desafios que precisam ser tratados à luz de evidências que buscam compreender a dinâmica e tendência dessa oferta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Residence Characteristics , Supply , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Unified Health System
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(5): 579-584, Sep-Oct/2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695181

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Smoking is a serious problem that has a devastating impact on health. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of and factors influencing smoking among medical and non-medical students in Tbilisi, Georgia, as well as to determine whether medical education has an impact on smoking. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Tbilisi State Medical University and Tbilisi State University, both of which are located in Tbilisi, Georgia. A total of 400 4th-year students (200 students at each university) were asked to complete standardized questionnaires. RESULTS: Of the sample as a whole, 48.75% were identified as smokers and 51.25% were identified as nonsmokers. The mean age was 20.24 years among smokers and 20.26 years among nonsmokers. Of the medical students, 49.5% were smokers, as were 48.0% of the non-medical students. The male-to-female ratio in the study population was 0.9:1.1. Smoking was found to have a strong relationship with gender, males accounting for 65% of all smokers. Of the smokers, 56.9% stated that they would like to quit smoking (for health or financial reasons). Of the medical students, 59.5% expressed a willingness to quit smoking, as did 54.2% of the non-medical students. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve smoking education for undergraduate students. Special attention should be given to the inclusion of anti-smoking education in undergraduate curricula, as well as to the implementation of smoking prevention campaigns at institutions of higher education. However, such measures will be effective only if tobacco control policies are strictly enforced on the national level as well. .


OBJETIVO: O tabagismo é um problema sério, cujo impacto na saúde é devastador. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência do tabagismo e os fatores que o influenciam em estudantes de medicina e outros universitários em Tbilisi, Geórgia, bem como determinar se a educação médica tem impacto no tabagismo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal na Universidade Médica Estadual de Tbilisi e na Universidade Estadual de Tbilisi, ambas em Tbilisi, Geórgia. Pedimos a 400 alunos de quarto ano (200 em cada universidade) que respondessem a questionários padronizados. RESULTADOS: Do total da amostra, 48,75% eram fumantes e 51,25% eram não fumantes. A média de idade dos fumantes foi de 20,24 anos e a dos não fumantes foi de 20,26 anos. Dos estudantes de medicina, 49,5% eram fumantes, assim como o eram 48,0% dos universitários que não estudavam medicina. A razão entre os gêneros masculino e feminino foi de 0,9:1,1. O tabagismo apresentou forte relação com o gênero; 65% dos fumantes eram do sexo masculino. Dos fumantes, 56,9% disseram que gostariam de parar de fumar (por motivos de saúde ou financeiros). Dos estudantes de medicina, 59,5% disseram que estavam dispostos a parar de fumar, assim como o disseram 54,2% dos universitários que não estudavam medicina. CONCLUSÕES: É preciso melhorar a educação sobre o tabagismo nas universidades. Deve-se dar atenção especial à inclusão de educação antitabagismo no currículo das universidades e à implantação de campanhas de prevenção ao tabagismo em instituições de ensino superior. Entretanto, essas medidas só serão eficazes se as políticas de controle do tabaco forem rigorosamente observadas também em nível nacional. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Smoking/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data , Attitude to Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Georgia (Republic)/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Smoking/psychology , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Students/psychology , Universities
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(6): 716-722, jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687203

ABSTRACT

Background: Learning research skills should be a goal during undergraduate training of physicians. Aim: To identify Latin American medical students' appraisal on research skills university training Material and Methods: A self-administered survey about experience in research, self-assessment of research skills, quality of training in the area received at the university and that importance of publishing as undergraduate students, was answered by 208 medical students aged 23 ± 3 years (54% male), attending a medical students congress. Results: Seventy percent of respondents pertained to medical students' scientific societies and 34% had published in a scientific journal. Fifty two percent considered as good orvery good the training level received at their universities on information retrieval and 45% considered good the training in research methodology Thirty two percent considered as poor or none the training received in scientific writing and 37% in the publishing process. Eighty nine percent considered student publishing as important and 61% perceived limitations in this matter. Conclusions: The university training level received by Latin American medical students on research and publication process was evaluated as deficient by these students.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Biomedical Research/education , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Latin America , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self-Assessment
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(5): 609-615, mayo 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-648587

ABSTRACT

Background: The interests that motivate medical students to study this career are diverse and they may change during the seven years of study. In Chile, 22 universities offer medicine and the number of graduated students has increased by more than 50% over the last 10 years. Aim: To determine the motivational profile of medical students at admission, and at the end of their career. Subjects and Methods: A voluntary anonymous survey was applied to 275 first and 140 seventh year medical students from one traditional public and two private schools. Results: The main reason for applying to medical school was social interest (68.7%), followed by interest in science and academia. Thirty six percent of students from seventh year would not study medicine again. In the seventh year, the interest in medical care persists in 88% of students, followed by academic interests in 64%. Only 24% had research interests. Fifty nine and 57% of students projected their medical work in private and public hospital settings, respectively. Only 11% projected themselves as doing research. Sixty nine percent of students would like to receive more information about post graduate education. Conclusions: There is a low interest in research and a high percentage of seventh year students that would not apply to medicine again. Medical schools should perform a systematic analysis of students' interests to improve faulty areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Career Choice , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Motivation , Personality Inventory , Students, Medical/psychology , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors
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